Lately after I started post my database notes on conflict and view serializability, and BCNF and 3NF check, I see increased visitors traffic to my blog. Some visitors actually visited my blog to find how to find candidate keys of a relation. I just have the time now to write this post, hopefully it’s not really too late.

Enough for the introduction, get your pencil and paper, let’s find that candidate keys!

Pencil and Paper? Can you just give me an App?

Sure, here it is:
http://www.koffeinhaltig.com/fds/kandidatenschluessel.php

If you don’t need to understand the process behind finding the candidate keys you can stop reading this blog post now. For those of you who still want to know how to find it manually, read on.

How to find it manually

Finding candidate keys is just as simple as applying some algorithm here and there. Here I post examples of different cases.

First example

WHOSE
WH -> S
HOS -> E

Steps:
1. Find the attributes that are neither on the left and right side
> (none)

2. Find attributes that are only on the right side
> E

3. Find attributes that are only on the left side
> WHO

4. Combine the attributes on step 1 and 3
> since step 1 has no attributes, it’s just WHO

5. Test if the closures of attributes on step 4 are all the attributes
> in our case, yes it is. Because with WH we can get S, and by HOS, we can get E.
So we have only one candidate key, that is WHO.

Second example

ABCDEFG
AB -> F
AD -> E
F -> G

Steps:
1. C
2. EG
3. ABD
4. ABCD
5. The closures of ABCD is ABCDEFG, so ABCD is our candidate key this time.

Third example

ABCD
ABC -> D
D -> A

Steps:
1. -
2. -
3. BC
4. BC
5. The closure of BC is only BC, we should find the relation exterior.
6. Find the relation exteriors, that is the attributes not included in step 4 and step 2.
> in this example it is AD
7. Now test the closures of attributes on step 4 + one attribute in step 6 one at a time.
> ABC closures are ABCD, so it is a candidate key
> BCD closures are ABCD, so it is also a candidate key
> so in this case we have two candidate keys, they are ABC and BCD.

Hoahm… these are too easy, harder examples please..

Allright, ready for some harder examples, here are they:

Hard example #1

ABCDEF
DF -> C
BC -> F
E -> A
ABC -> E

Hard example #2

ABCDE
A -> BC
CD -> E
B -> D
E -> A

Conclusion

This is not the only algorithm of finding candidate key. Another way includes to find the attributes that are on both sides (see comment of RandomSpectrum on my other blog post to know about it). I suppose both algorithms are correct, it’s just a matter of personal preference.

I’m not going to post the answers for the hard examples just to make it a bit harder. To get the answers, just send an email to ck-answers@djitz.com.

In my last three year experiences I mostly worked as Java developer, especially Java web application developer as you can see from my resume below.

Note: The style maybe a bit messed up, click here if you want to see it in Google Docs.

If you need an example of Java developer resume you may copy my resume style (just make sure you don’t copy everyting) and if you have critics about my resume you can write them in the comments section.

I just had a thought to write something for the medtech intern recently. In the previous two articles, I only address tips for the clinical division students. I believe I should share some guidelines also for the interns since the world of CD and of intern are quite different.

My Intern times may have past almost three years ago, but all the lessons, pain, troubles, and fun will always be fresh in my mind. Like the one year I spent in clinical division, my one year (ok, plus several days I got because I had absent and sick leaves) is paradoxically one of the best “toxic” year in my life. Think about it, what other course could have force you to travel around Philippines and mess around in one year (I had my intern in Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital, Manila Adventist Medical Center, and Cagayan Valley Sanitarium and Hospital).

If there is one thing that pay all of the hardships in clinical division, it’s certainly the internship year. But be careful, it’s not a “honey and milk” year. And I hope my tips can give some insights for those who are going to intern and those who are already there as well. Let’s get going:

Tip #1.

You Don’t Know Everything Yet, So Don’t Ever Think You Do

I know, the feeling of passing the formidable one whole day medtech comprehensive exams is almost like the feeling of being accepted when you court your crush. You just can’t believe that, after all the sleepless nights, it is now over. You now then may think that you have know all what you need to know to be a good medtech. Besides, that’s what the compre exams for right? To prove that you “know everything.”

Think again cowboy… (and cowgirls). My first advice to those who are entering intern world, keep yourself humble all the times. Even, passing the compre in the first take doesn’t prove you know them all.

Tip #2.

Respect Your Staff, Senior Interns, All Hospital Workers, and oh yeah.. Your Fellow Interns

Okay, maybe this sounds like a cliche, but I just want to emphasize it, especially for those who have been more than 6 months in intern. Because it’s maybe easy to forgot this one when you are already close to the people in the hospital. You may then start to treat them like your other friends.

But keep in mind that though you have befriend them, you are still an intern, and at all times you should always respect them. Don’t overtease them, much worse, embarras them. Besides, your grading in the intern will be affected much with good relation with your staff and not with your perfect attendance. So woulnd’t it be good to treat them once in a while just to make sure that you keep them happy with you.

One more, you also should always respect your fellow interns because all of you are at the same level, so why should you think you are more special.

Tip #3.

The CD Smartest Is Not The Intern Best

One very interesting thing you will see in Intern is this one. You will see that your smartest batchmate (if it’s not yourself) is not always be the best in intern. In intern, it’s time for “Less Theory, More Common Sense and Real World Skills.”

To be honest, those CD theories aren’t much worthy in intern. Think of it this way, do you think the patient care you know the the name of the middle vein if they are in pain because you are “fishing” for it?

Or do your staff care if you can explain the principle of all chemical test in chemistry section if you mislabel one of the specimen?

I know you get my point.

Tip #4.

Don’t Take It Personally, It’s Only Work

Your staff just got mad at you because you had little mistake in following their instructions, and now you are in bad mood. That’s normal, nobody likes to get mad at. But don’t take it personally because they do it to shape you into a better medtech. I believe they don’t like to get mad also if they don’t need to (unless it’s their hobby).

Having internship is medtech’s great advantage because we have a taste of work life before we officially work. And in work, we don’t get good result by doing bloopers. Your staffs are there to train you to be a capable and skillful medtech (although sometimes you may think that they are there to exploit you). Do you think they need you to do their job? No way, you may even disturb them most of time.

My “favorite” teacher, Sir Eldz, always say, “They don’t need you; You need them.”

Be patient, learn from all your mistakes, listen to your staffs, and you will thank them later on.

Tip #5.

Have Fun, Enjoy!

Internship is not all toxic hours, attending “hundreds” of ER calls, or dealing with endless urinalysis tests. Regardless all the stress, internship has a lot of fun that you can experience. Sure you will need time to adapt with the staffs, senior interns, and all people around you. But like in the 4th tip of Survival’s Guide to AUP Medtech, these people around you are also fun to be with.

During intern, we always play bowling, billiard, and volleyball with some of the staffs when we have the chance. We joined the MAMC volleyball tournament and PAMET bowling competition together. If you are assigned in the rural, such as Mindanao, Palawan, and Cagayan Valley, your staff will gladly accompany you around to see the beautiful Philippines.

It’s not hard to have fun in internship, just be open to others, participate, and enjoy everything!

What’s The Bottom Line?

(Sorry Sir Eldz, I got to borrow one of your favorite line again.. )

Internship life it’s not harder than the CD life, but nor it’s easier as well. It’s just different, so practically what worked in CD may not work in internship, just like what worked in pre-Clinical may not work in CD. It’s also full of fun and surprise from the day one.

For me, besides CD, internship is another fun part of medtech life and full of expereince that I will never forget.

I hope with the five tips above I can help the interns-to-be and encourage those who are facing challenges in adapting with internship life. If you have questions or comments, feel free to write in the comments section below, or email me.

Hi all! Meet you again in this fifth tips to survive in the AUP Medical Technology Clinical Division life.
Thank you for your interest to read what I want to share with you in this article. To all who are currently in the CD, I hope my first four tips have made you survive the CD so far. Anyway, I realized that I have not share one of the most important tip based on my personal experience in CD.

In this fifth tip to survive the CD, I will talk about the mental qualification that you definitely need to have to pass the CD without getting insane, if you aren’t yet…. Hahaha! Just kidding!

First I want to ask a question. Have you ever wonder why you had so much hard times trying to survive in the CD? Stupid questions huh! Unless you are the direct descendant of Albert Einstein or Thomas Alfa Edison, you most probably have. And if I can give you the answer, it is this: You don’t realize or understand yet what it takes to be a Medtech CD students.

The Medtech CD Qualifications That They Never Told You

Alright, have you ever read the job offer above before? I’m sure you have not. But does it sound familiar? Well, offcourse it does! Because when you were applying for CD, you were actually applying for the job offer above my friend. Okay, I may exaggerated the qualifications a little bit, but you know they are not very far from it anyway.

Remember the time when you were applying for CD?
If the practice hasn’t changed yet, the Medtech Department Head or any CI available will check for the credits that you have completed, your average GPA, your Major subjects grade, and all other academic requirements that you need to pass to be qualified to enter the CD.

Now, you are in CD already and you wonder why you, who had wonderful grades before this crazy CD life, are barely surviving in the CD classes?

Well, academically, yes, you are qualified for the Medtech CD. But when it comes to CD, what you needed most is actually the mental qualification. It is a lot more important than your academic qualification. Why? Because your life will be totally challenged in the CD and it’s a whole different world compared to the pre-Clinical classes times.

AUP Medtech CD Is Not The Same As Pre-Clinicals

One interesting fact about AUP Medtech CD is this, you can notice that those students who are academically excellent during pre-Clinical classes may not always doing good in the CD classes. And the other way around is also true. Those who are unnoticed during pre-Clinicals could have their name at the top in the exam scores written on the white board.

Is there something wrong here? Not really…

As I have told you, the life in CD is totally different compared to life in pre-Clinical. If you think you could use your study methods in the pre-Clinicals in the CD (if you ever actually study during pre-Clinicals..), well, I’m very sorry to dissapoint you by saying that it just won’t work anymore. You should change your mentality to the CD mentality.

So what can you do to have the mental qualification needed in the CD life?

Well, here was a simple exercise that I did…

In the first article, my experience in CD was not that honey and milk, especially during the first few months. One time, a thought came into me, “Probably there is something wrong with what I’m doing now.” So, I tried to write down what an ideal Medtech CD student should do on one column, and what I’m actually was doing on the next column.

Here is the result of what was written back then (I still keep this list until now ;D):

After I wrote the comparison, I was laughing. Because it really showed me that basically, I was not mentally qualified to be in CD. Even worse, I don’t even have a thought that I will be a Medtech! That’s why I had hard times trying to survive there. It’s clear to me that I should change my actions and believe, especially the last item, to be as close as possible to the Medtech way of life if I want to pass this cruel CD life.

It was not easy though, and I was not able to change them instantly. But at least now I know what are the things that I should try to change to perform better in CD classes.

So What Should I Do?

Now, I advise you to take pen and write in your notebook the comparison table similar with what I had. Complete the right column with your own answer because yours may not as pathetic as what I had. Try also to add some other more ideal student Medtech CD way of life that you could thought of.

Try to make fun of it, yet keep the right column honest so you will get the clear difference of the two columns.

This method has worked effectively for me and I know it would work as effectively for you. After knowing the necessary actions that you should take, surely your performance will start to get better and better. It probably doesn’t mean that everything will become easy, but you will know how you should change your study habit and personal believe to get better scores. You will find that surviving in the CD is not that impossible after all…

Closing Words

Allright, that’s it for the fifth tip to survive in the Medtech CD life. I hope it could help you to pass the seemingly impossible Clinical Division with higher and higher scores each day. I know this tip is not perfect, so if you have any comments or want to share something about this article, please put your comment in the comment form below and submit it.

Also if you find my articles are useful, please show your thanks by putting your comments here or write an email to me (tridjito(/at)yahoo(/dot)com) if you don’t like others to read your comments. Nothing encourage me more than knowing that I can be a help for you.